Woodstock (2737 words) Essay Example For Students

Woodstock (2737 words) Essay WoodstockWoodstock To a few, the 60s were a time of revelation as Americans originally traveled to the moon. Others recollect the time as a time of Americas moral decrease with the approach of awesome and its portrayal of evil, wrong standards. However for some individuals, the 60s represented a time of adoration and amicability. Radicals exemplified these convictions, and in 1969 they assembled at a performance known as Woodstock to praise their music, their affection, and their opportunity in a show that has stayed on of the most compelling occasions of the 60s. The young people of the 60s were known as the Love age. They had intercourse indiscriminately and straightforwardly, and favored open to formal relationships. End of the week love-ins, free structure social events, common living quarters, and rock celebrations were held because of the affection development. The affection development was the radical conviction for harmony and agreement. It arrived at its top in the late spri ng of 1967, and by then it had more than 300,000 supporters who alluded to themselves as the adoration youngsters or the delicate individuals. They assembled in San Francisco, the nonconformist focus of the world, during the summers. During these Summers of affection, they lived in the city of Haight-Ashbury, sitting in bunches along the road and playing their guitars (Frike 62). These adoration kids, also called the flower children were the aftereffect of the antiwar development that was clearing the country during the Vietnam war. Flower children were undauntedly against the war. They took part boisterously, and regularly savagely in innumerable enemy of war fight rallies and walks. They were known to freely consume draft cards, and some even repudiated military help for jail (Hertsgard 124). Radicals were not just antiwar, they were prevalently defiant. The superficial points of interest of their older folks were unequivocally dismissed: riches, social position, culture, physical appeal, and financial security. They held in scorn, beautifying agents, costly adornments, dance club and eateries and every other refinement of the prosperous society. Riches made no difference to them. Individual flexibility to communicate was accepted to be the most significant thing throughout everyday life. They were antiauthority, antirace segregation, and antipollution, in short they were defies the general public, battling against the ethical principles of America they felt were out of line (Hertsgard 153). Occasions, for example, live performances before long turned into a stage against the severe government and acknowledged ethics. Such occasions gave chances to communicate their hatred. The live performance of Woodstock was a prime model. It was depicted by psychoanalyst Rollo May as an indicative occasion within recent memory that demonstrated the colossal appetite, need, longing for network with respect to the youth(The Big Woodstock 17). Stage performances of the 60s had become what might be compared to a political gathering for the youthful for the outflow of political thoughts, the soul of network and attention to the world around. Woodstock was a festival of delight which cleared out, in any event incidentally, the relentless sentiments of triviality that pervade our way of life This show, held in Bethel, New York, in August of 1969, has become an image of the 60s. It is an image of the flower child culture encapsulated in the young people of the time. This show was the Woodstock Music and Art Fair. Charged by its energetic Manhattan advertisers as An Aquarian Exposition, it guaranteed music, harmony, and incredible awesome. By a traditionalist gauge, in excess of 400,000 individuals, by far most of them between the ages of 16 and 30, appeared for the Wood stock celebration. Thousands more would come if police had not closed off access streets, which had become parking areas gagged with slowed down vehicles. The large number of vehicles and individuals additionally constrained the New York Thruway to close, making one of the countries most exceedingly terrible roads turned parking lots (Peace Mecca 10). Individuals strolled upwards of twenty miles to get to the show, at the same time singing tunes of harmony and love and conveying notices showing their nonconformist estimations. Among the many were Keep America Beautiful-Stay Stoned, Love is Power, and Flower Power. Blossoms, alongside a bird roosted upon a guitar turned into the images of the celebration. These pictures were painted on vehicles, garments and even bodies (Rock Audience). Their pitiful garments were an image of their opportunity, their garbs being blurred pants and worn tee shirts. They wore globules and quills with their long hair pulled back in bandannas and beaded h eadbands Had the celebration kept going somewhat more, upwards of one million of these beautiful young people may have made the journey to Bethel (What Happened 8). The bait of the celebration was an elite player cast of top stone specialists, including Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, and Jefferson Airplane. Be that as it may, the great vibrations of the great gatherings ended up being its least. What the young people of America, and their watching seniors saw at Bethel was the likely intensity of an age that had in endless upsetting manners dismissed the customary qualities and objectives of the U.S. A huge number of youngsters, who had recently thought of themselves as a confined minority acknowledged now what power they had as a gathering over society (Fass 3). Woodstock was the brainchild of four youthful business people who needed to put on an extraordinary Rock and Roll appear for America In 1968, the four men, Michael Lang, Artie Kornfield, Joel Rosenman, and John Roberts, made a visit to their companion Max Yasgur who lived on a ranch close to Bethel, New York. They had picked the town of Bethel for their show on account of the representative scriptural reference in its name. The four figured out how to persuade Yasgur to let them hold their show on his 600-section of land ranch. He consented to the gauge that lone ten to fifteen-thousand individuals would go to the show on his territory (Woodstock Music). Interest And Sport EssayDespite the strict weights, exciting music thrived in England, as did the music scene in the U.S. San Francisco quickly turned into its core. Known as the Liverpool of the West, San Francisco was overflowing with rock movement during the 60s. Implanted in this citys rock scene were such gatherings as the Grateful Dead, Sly and the Family Stone, and the Byrds. The music of these gatherings started the notorious Acid Rock development. It represented and depicted the medication maltreatment of the decade. The broad utilization of brain changing medications, for example, maryjane and LSD gave the motivation to the formation of this music (Grunwald 254). The music of the sixties was differing and bright in its tendency. The various hints of sixties stone included society, reggae, corrosive, blues, soul, punk, and endless others that helped shape the music of this period. Contrasted with the fifties, it had become subtler and increasingly refined. Melodies of this d ecade went after the beautiful, the representative, and the supernatural with an end goal to more readily pinpoint the dispositions of the occasions. Through such fluctuated implies, exciting music turned into a workmanship that engaged the young people of America This music offered a help during the violent occasions of the sixties. It stood solidly while the mushroom haze of the nuclear bomb and the smoke from the destruction in Vietnam hung menacingly over America, and it stayed a help all through the antiwar development which profoundly included the youthful. In rebellion to the war, the young people of America had become bloom kids, or flower children. They opposed a general public whose ethics they held in scorn. They represented the all inclusive requirement for affection and congruity. Finding an outlet in music, they made melodies that communicated their requirement for individual flexibility and cultural harmony shouting out to give harmony a possibility (Hertsgard 309). T he concert of Woodstock was an unmistakable occasion of their time that was seen as a festival of life in the sixties, during which Hundreds of thousands of children met up to appreciate each other within the sight of music, and of harmony. They thought about workmanship and nature. They lived for an end of the week in the still eye of the tropical storm (Woodstock). BibliographyWorks CitedAll Nature is nevertheless Art: Woodstock Music and Art Fair. Vogue. December 1969:194-201. Large Woodstock Rock Trip. Time. August 1969:14b-22. Ewen, David. All the Years of Popular Music. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.,1977. Fass, Don. The Sixties. http://www.sixties.net (19 March 1999). Frike, David. Minor Epiphanies and Momentary Bummers. Drifter. August 1989:62-91. Grunwald, Henry. Youth Trip. This Fabulous Century: 1960-1970. 1986 ed. Hertsgard, Mark. A Day in the Life: The Music and Artistry of the Beatles. New York: Dell Publishing Groups Inc.,1995. Huges, Rupert. Music Lovers Encyclopedia. New York: Doubleday Inc.,1984. Rock Audience Moves to Dusk-to-Dawn Rhythms. New York Times. 18 August 1969:25. Tired Rock Fans Begin Exodus From Music Fair. New York Times. 20 August 1969:1-3. What Happened in the Sixties?. http://www.bbhq.com/sixties2.htm (19 March 1999). Woodstock: Dawn of the Bigtime. Market analyst. August 1989:75. Woodstock Music and Art Fair. Newsweek. August 1969:88. Woodstock: Peace Mecca. Board. August 1969:1,10. Music Essays

salem essays

salem expositions The Salem Event History Essay The Salem Event is a piece of American history that has had nonstop far reaching influences in regions of governmental issues, religion, social and social atmospheres up to introduce time. To get this, first you should realize what the Salem Event precisely was, the components that were answerable for this, and if certain characters actuated or quieted the seething waters of this occasion. Additionally, in light of the fact that this was such a significant occasion, what exercises have or have not been learned as they are applied to introduce day USA. To completely grasp this, lets start from the earliest starting point. The Salem Event happened in Salem, Massachusetts in the year 1692. During this occasion, nineteen asserted witches were hung, and hundreds more were charged and anticipating preliminary when it had finished. Everything started after a bunch of young ladies had a fortune-telling meeting with a West Indian slave. The young ladies began to show insane conduct and started blaming individuals for the town of black magic. Sadly, family and dear companions of these young ladies to a great extent upheld the allegations which brought about the contribution of the neighborhood serve, Samuel Parris. Samuel Parriss home had been the place the flare-up started after his little girl started displaying this peculiar conduct. With his consolation, the allegations raised, preliminaries were held, and very nearly twenty guessed witches were executed. Since the time at that point, history specialists have been examining the occasion, attempting to reveal the potential causes which may have been answera ble for the awful things that had occurred in Salem. There are numerous potential causes that brought about this grievous occasion ever. Some accept that financial strain was to be faulted. In Salem, there had been differences between neighbors about the area of limit lines and the scope of property. It is truly conceivable that a few people utilized these preliminaries as an approach to drive a man to forfei... <! Salem articles Ten years of living in a similar house I chose I needed to move into town, into an unassuming community house. I employed a few movers and they had all my stuff moved in the new house inside an end of the week. The house was not very huge, yet additionally not very little. It had a couple of rooms that required a little work, essentially the channels. The funnels in the storm cellar, they would in general release each now and again. At some point while I was ground floor taking a gander at and estimating the funnels I saw one channel that was releasing a great deal. Obviously it must be a major one and lead directly into the divider. This will be an agony to fix. I contemplated internally. I got wrapped up all the funnels that required supplanted and headed up steps. I took a brisk look at the clock on the oven, 1:30. Wow I need something to eat. So as I chose to go to the midtown Taco Bell and get something to eat. As I was strolling inside, everyone appeared to discuss a house. What could that be about? I pondered yet chose to continue strolling. I requested what I thought would be acceptable, and went a plunked down. The individuals at the table to one side of me, was discussing the most established house around. They said it looked empty, yet it wasnt. They didnt broadly expound. The one thing they said about the house was it was the main house around that despite everything had a skeleton key. I realized what a skeleton key resembled yet just passed it off. At the point when I was done eating I put my junk in the waste can. I solicited the trough from Taco Bell how to get to the closest tool shop. He said there was on directly down the road off to one side. When I got to the furthest limit of the road, I thought I shed ten pounds. Truly wished I would have driven. The home improvement shop was what resembled the greatest structure around. I strolled through the front entryway, and was welcomed by two decent individuals. I asked where I would discover some channeling, and they took me to the isle. ... <!

gaurdian angels essays

gaurdian heavenly attendants expositions Dorothea Tanning was brought into the world August 25, 1910 in Galesburg Illinois. She was a craftsman from a youthful age, indicating enthusiasm for her available time, as she worked first in a library, at that point doing school distributions, lastly a corner at Chicagos World Fair in 1931. She moved to New York and looked for some kind of employment as an independent business craftsman. By 1936, her vocation had started, finding dada and oddity at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. In 1946, she painted Guardian Angels In an iconographic examination of a Tanning painting, the watcher is effectively lost in the oddity; I am no exemption. The oddity of her pieces has left me with a greater number of inquiries than answers, however a few ends can be drawn through a conventional investigation, and taught surmises. At the point when I attempted to comprehend Tannings goal from my typical perspective, I just saw how it was not normal for the real world, a fantasy. I scarcely can comprehend my own fantasies, considerably less somebody elses , so I changed my perspective. I endeavored to enter Tannings domain of articulation. Inside I found the profundity of Tannings recognition, a work of nitty gritty images and feeling. The primary thing I saw in Guardian Angels was the general inclination I got from the artistic creation. I saw its general frigidity and isolation. I accept this was the general goal Tanning had when she made the foundation blue and green; the highest point of the work of art is the foundation, looking like ice crawling forward like an icy mass of sheets over the beds. This makes such a cool, forlorn hint that Tanning most likely felt as she painted The Guardian Angels. On the off chance that I look profound into the picture, just as I were remaining on the sheets, I can see the chilliness encompassing me with no place to run, the next to be carted away. This impact was reached purposely by Tanning, with her utilization of lighting on the sheets. The obscurity on the foundation on the privilege makes a feeling that t ... <!

Do Sentences Have Identity? :: Equiformity Language Composition Papers

Do Sentences Have Identity? We concentrate here equiformity, the standard personality basis for sentences. This thought was advanced by Lesniewski, referenced by Tarski and characterized expressly by Presburger. At the functional level this standard appears to be useful yet in the event that the idea of sentence is taken as a central reason for rationale and arithmetic, it appears that this guideline can't be kept up without endless loop. It appears to be additionally that equiformity has some semantical highlights ; perhaps this isn't so clear for singular signs yet sentences are regularly considered as important mixes of signs. On the off chance that importance needs to assume a job, we are accordingly perhaps in no preferable situation over when managing character measure for suggestions. In formal rationale, one talks rather about very much framed equations, yet shut recipes are called sentences since they are significant as in they can be valid or bogus. Recipes look preferred like scientific articles over material engravings and equiformity doesn't appear to concern them. Different congruencies can be considered as personalities among recipes and specifically to have the equivalent legitimate structure. One can say that the objects of investigation of rationale are preferably consistent structures over sentences considered as material engravings. 1. What is equiformity? A few rationalists have dismissed suggestions for sentences, contending specifically that there is no acceptable character model for recommendations (cf. Quine, 1970). In any case, is there one for sentences? The possibility that rationale is about sentences instead of suggestions and that sentences are nothing more that material engravings was at that point created by Lesniewski, who additionally observed promptly the principle trouble of this origination and acquainted the idea of equiformity with fathom it. His disposition his all around portrayed in a reference of one of Tarski’s acclaimed early papers: As of now clarified, sentences are here viewed as material articles (engravings). (...) It isn't generally conceivable to shape the ramifications of two sentences (they may happen in broadly isolated spots). So as to streamline matters we have (...) submitted a blunder; this comprises in distinguishing equiform sentences (as S. Lesniewski calls them). This mistake can be expelled by deciphering S as the arrangement of a wide range of sentences (and not of sentences) and by changing in a closely resembling way the instinctive feeling of other primitve ideas. In this association by the sort of a sentence x we comprehend the arrangement of all sentences which are equiform with x.

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Task the executives - Essay Example The paper tells that venture the executives has been characterized as a control (science and craftsmanship) that involves arranging, overseeing, sorting out and making sure about the segments or assets of an undertaking in order to guarantee its prosperity. A venture is typically an all around characterized attempt with a start and end that are very much characterized and time compelled in order to meet wanted targets and objectives by including worth or bringing change. A venture isn't care for typical business tasks which are lasting and redundant. An undertaking is typically transitory and is made once to accomplish a particular reason. Venture the board is fundamental on the grounds that a great deal of assets are placed into these tasks. In any undertaking, execution, cost and time ought to be overseen to guarantee a venture is controlled and executed well to accomplish its objectives and destinations. The key components of venture the board that will be sketched out in this rep ort incorporate overseeing HR through coordinating and planning the organization of individuals engaged with the undertaking. Another key component of undertaking the executives that will be illustrated in this task is overseeing quality through the satisfaction of the quality guidelines set up for execution of the venture. The last component of task the board that will be talked about in this paper is the Managing the extent of the venture in controlling the undertaking through points, objectives and destinations of its backers. The Scottish Parliament Building (Edinburgh) venture was explicitly begun to give a parliamentary structure complex that would house individuals from parliament, government employees and other staff.... be talked about in this exposition is the Managing the extent of the task in controlling the venture through points, objectives and destinations of its backers (Joseph 2003, p. 60). The Scottish Parliament Building (Edinburgh) venture was explicitly begun to give a parliamentary structure complex that would house individuals from parliament, government workers and other staff (Taylor 2002, p. 4). The undertaking was a pivotal one since it was a political venture that could without much of a stretch be influenced by the governmental issues of the nation. The undertaking was propelled in 1999 and development of the structure started in June 1999 (Taylor 2002, p. 21). The undertaking was effectively finished in 2004 and the structure was formally opened on October ninth 2004 by Queen Elizabeth (Taylor 2002, p. 11). The venture of developing the Scottish Parliament Building was one of the best known tasks. The achievement of the task can be ascribed to various elements, for the most part rotating around its administration (Taylor 2002, p. 25). The main factor that prompted the achievement of the task was the successful overseeing of HR through coordinating and organizing the organization of individuals engaged with the undertaking. The historical backdrop of the venture goes back to when the Scottish electorate held a submission on September eleventh 1997 that permitted Scottish Parliament to enact on a portion of the normal residential issues (Taylor 2002, p. 11). This prompted the choice to build a reason manufactured office in Edinburg that would house the Scottish Parliament. Enric Miralles configuration was picked out of the twelve proposed ones and the work was given to an organization called EMBT/RMJM that was explicitly set up to deal with this venture (Harrison and Dennis 2004, p. 28). One of the key factors that prompted the achievement of the undertaking

Some information for Spring 2016 applicants COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Some information for Spring 2016 applicants COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I can hardly believe that another year has passed and that were well into September already. The time flew  by quickly; we reviewed applications, released decisions, had an open house, just wrapped up orientation week, and now its all starting again. And if youre like me, youre probably freaking out that there are a limited number of weeks before the application deadline(s). While were probably stressed out for a different series of reasons, we both have the same deadlines to meet, and one of them is almost here. Today,  there are only three weeks left before the first deadline of application season. October 15, 2015 is the looming date that many  of you are hard at work trying to make in order to be eligible for the Spring 2016 term. At SIPA,  theres a name for the group of students who will join us in the spring. We affectionately (and unofficially) call them J-termers, with J standing for January, the term they initially join SIPA.  As a J-termer, your course offerings may differ out the gate, as more core curriculum courses are offered during the fall semester compared to the spring. Meaning, youll probably just take courses out of order compared to the majority of SIPA students. It doesnt affect your degree plan overall, but dont be surprised if a few of the courses youve been scouting out arent available  right away. Some of the benefits to joining SIPA in the spring is that youll really get to connect with all  of  your classmates a lot faster since the group is smaller. (The cohort is about 60 students.) You also get to spend two summers as a SIPA student, which  some students take advantage of by pursuing  two different internships (one each summer), as  Andreas Maerki, MPA 2014,  points out. (Plus, youll get to participate in three  seasons of  campus-wide snowball fights while enrolled at SIPA!) If becoming a J-termer sounds good to you, theres  no better time than today to  start your application  (even Fall 2016 applicants should start now!).  The deadlines for all of our programs  are known to  surprise some of our busiest applicants, so  dont let any opportunity to work on your application  slip by. I recommend setting aside just 30 minutes to one hour  in  your  schedule every week to work on a component of your application. (Hint: The easiest sections to check-off your list are the Personal, Family, Education and Professional Experience sections. The Resume and Essays section will require a few hours of your time.) If youre not sure where to start,  there are plenty of recent posts on the Admissions Blog you should review before you submit your application. Some popular archived  topics  include application essays, recommendation letters, and test scores. After that, sign-up to attend an  information session (either in-person or virtually). Even better, join us for Twitter Talk Thursday today  at 9:00 a.m. or 12:00 p.m. EST and ask us anything using #askSIPA. We want you to submit the strongest possible application, so if you still  have questions, send us an email at sipa_admission@sipa.columbia.edu or call us at 212-854-6216 with your admissions-related concerns. Remember,  Spring 2016 applications to the Master of International Affairs and Master of Public Administration programs are due on October 15, 2015 at 11:59 p.m. EST.   Good luck on your application! [Photo courtesy of  Aditi Mishra? via Facebook  | A snowball fight breaks out at the steps of  Columbia Universitys Low Library and Alma Mater.]

Transcendentalism and Into the Wild - Free Essay Example

Into the Wild recalls the story of Chris McCandless and his journey into the Alaskan frontier. Throughout this experience Chris’s values, choices, beliefs and lifestyle are all examined. McCandless’s ideals and actions mirrored that of the transcendentalism. Transcendentalism was a movement in the 1830-40’s. This group led by Ralph Waldo Emerson had a unique set of beliefs and values. The group’s views were transfixed on individuality, the limitless potential of humans, emotion and feeling over intellect, â€Å"Transcendentalists believed in numerous values, however they can all be condensed into three basic, essential values: individualism,idealism, and the divinity of nature† (CITE), all of which are apparent through McCandless’s life. Chris was a nonconformist who found himself in solitude, and nature. Chris wanted to find and fill a transcendent experience. Transcendentalism was a movement in the 1830’s and 40’s in New England. They believed everyone could transcend limits and had limitless potential. They also believed that routine and constancy was never good for anyone and avoided it. Individualism was a priority for them, and they held this belief towards many topics including government. They did not believe in big-government but rather in self government. The transcendentalists valued self-reliance has a way of life that mirrored their sporadic lifestyles. The first sign of Chris McCandless’s lifestyle, beliefs and values mirrored the transcendentalist philosophy, when upon graduating from college Chris changed his name. â€Å" he intended to invent an utterly new life for himself, one in which he would be free to wallow in unfiltered experience. To symbolize the complete severance from his previous life, he even adopted a new name.† (Krauknaur 18). He name himself Alexander Supertramp. This completely defies what society puts in place as a guideline for traditional life. By stripping himself of his birth name, it was representative of him starting a new life. He was longer following the blazed by his parents or society. He was going against the grain. Chris’s â€Å"‘great Alaskan odyssey†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (Kraunaur 33) was completely representative of the transcendentalist philosophy. One concept the transcendentalists believed was that personal experience led to the deepest truth. By going to Alaska by himself and experiencing it without restrictions, Chris was able to fully obtain his own personal truth and find himself as a person. This is evident through the journal excerpt left by Chris. Chris disregarded rules as pointless and did not follow them unless he thought necessary. Even in his teenage years he showed a strong disregard of the restrictions imposed by others. His highschool teacher had specific rules on the format of a lab reports, â€Å"Chris thought it was a stupid rule and decided to ignore it† (Krakauer 76), and as a result he received an F in the class. Similarly, the transcendentalists believed that each person had the right to make decisions for themselves without influence from higher authority. Their views were the same as Chris’s, as they too thought the rules set by other were of little importance. Individual conscience was more important than laws or rules. Leaders of the movement, such as Henry David Thoreau, encouraged this behavior of self government and the disillusionment with large overbearing governments. McCandless also voices his opinion on government, â€Å"How I feed myself is none of the government’s business. F *** their stupid rules† (Krakauer 7). Both agreed that government should not have such an active role. Henry David Thoreau voiced this through his writing, Civil Disobedience, â€Å"I believe,—â€Å"That government is best which governs not at all†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They both share the view of self-government/authority. Transcendentalist valued in individuality and self-reliance. They believed personal growth was achieved through experience. The purpose of Chris’s journey was to find himself and prove to himself that he could make it on his own. In the Alaskan frontier he was completely self-reliant having to fend for himself in entirety. Chris secluded himself from the town in attempt to find himself. He cut off relationship with his family and a â€Å"normal† lifestyle. Henry David Thoreau embarked on a similar endeavor which he accounted in his writing, Walden. He spent two years at Walden where he attempted to live secluded and off the grid. When Ron Franz tried to adopt Chris as his grandson, Chris was hesitant towards his offer. In a letter he sent to Fran his strong belief of individuality was evident, â€Å"You are wrong if you think Joy emanates only or principally from human relationships† (Kraunaur 41). Chris’s lifestyle was also very unpredictable, he never stayed in one place for an extended amount of time. This corresponds to the belief that routine is bad for a person. Transcendentalist believed that consistency and routine should be avoided, and that changing behavior is necessary to learn. Routines combat and diminish individuality. Chris tried to defies this sense of confinement and â€Å"We just have to have the courage to turn against our habitual lifestyle and engage in unconventional living† (Krauknaur 41). He alienate himself from others. Much like the transcendentalist, Chris believed in simplicity. â€Å"I say, let your affairs be as two or three, and not a hundred or a thousand; instead of a million count half a dozen, and keep your accounts on your thumb nail† (Walden). People often get caught up in the details and loose focus on the important things. As best quoted by Henry David Thoreau, â€Å"Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity!† This is the lifestyle that McCandless embodied and pursued. He ventured into the Alaskan frontier with only the bare essentials. The amount of supplies he had for his journey seemed minimal, â€Å"His gear seemed exceedingly minimal for the harsh conditions of the interior, which in April still lay buried under the winter snowpack† (Kraukaur 6). This new life he was trying to find was one that was desolate. In college Chris’s apartment was bare and desolate, only a few thing were in the space. â€Å"I don’t want to know what time it is. I donâ€℠¢t want to know what day it is or where I am. None of that matters† (CITE). Chris did not see value in materialistic things. He burnt all of his money and abandoned his car because he simply did not need them, â€Å"He changed his name, gave the entire balance of a twenty-four-thousand-dollar savings account to charity, abandoned his car and most of his possessions, burned all the cash in his wallet† â€Å"McCandless documented the burning of his money†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Krauknaur 21). He never allowed society’s standards to define him. His give all of his money away to the OXFAM America charity. This simplistic lifestyle was preached by transcendentalist, such as Thoreau. â€Å"Instead of three meals a day, if it but necessary eat one; instead of a hundred dishes, five; and reduce other things in proportion†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Walden). Nothing in excess was preached, and the main focus was trying to achieve this transcendental experience Kinship and unity with nature was highly valued belief within both of their lifestyles. Nature was regarded as a guide for humanity. Chris had sought the guidance when went into the woods in search of himself. Also when he shot and killed the moose he was excited but soon became distraught over the act, â€Å"I now wish I had never shot the moose. One of the greatest tragedies of my life† (Krauknaur 114). This displays his deep connection to nature. â€Å"If a plant cannot live according to its nature, it dies; and so a man† (Thoreau #). Chris alway felt rejuvenated and childlike in nature. Even into his twenties he felt the same way, â€Å"Chris loved those trips, the longer the better. There was always a little wanderlust in the family, and it was clear early on that Chris had inherited it† (Krauknaur 75). His family was sure to note the contentment he got from these excursions. In Nature, by Ralph Waldo Emerson, he states, â€Å"The lover of nature is he whos e inward and outward senses are still truly adjusted to each other; who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood† (Nature). This corresponds to the trandentalistic belief that nature makes any one feel youthful. The transcendentalist were nonconformists, viewing society a thief of individuality. Chris, along with transcendentalist, were fed up with society trying to conform them. People often talked about Chris voicing his views on this topic, â€Å"he’d fulminate about his parents or politicians or the endemic idiocy of mainstream American life† (Kraunaur 37). Both believed that Careers are meant to constant and stable. They tend to keep a person in the sam spot for and extended period of time. Chris had no intention of settling down and finding a career prior to his trip. â€Å"When Walt and Billie suggested that he needed a college degree to attain a fulfilling career, Chris answered that careers were demeaning â€Å"twentieth-century inventions,† more of a liability than an asset, and that he would do fine without one, thank you† (Kraukanur 79). â€Å"Imitation is Suicide† (Self-Reliance). To be the same has everyone else was not something they wanted. The first sign of Chris McCandless’s lifestyle, beliefs and values mirrored the transcendentalist philosophy, when upon graduating from college Chris changed his name. â€Å" he intended to invent an utterly new life for himself, one in which he would be free to wallow in unfiltered experience. To symbolize the complete severance from his previous life, he even adopted a new name.† (Krauknaur 18). He name himself Alexander Supertramp. This completely defies what society puts in place as a guideline for traditional life. By stripping himself of his birth name, it was representative of him starting a new life. He was longer following the blazed by his parents or society. It was quite evident that Chris had no intention of settling down and finding a career prior to his trip. â€Å"When Walt and Billie suggested that he needed a college degree to attain a fulfilling career, Chris answered that careers were demeaning â€Å"twentieth-century inventions,† more of a liability than an asset, and that he would do fine without one, thank you† (Kraukanur 79). This mirrors the transcendentalist value of avoiding constiancy. They had drilled Chris with the thoughts of Harvard Medical School, which for them meant happiness and success. But this was not what Chris wanted for himself, thus the name change was him breaking out of this mold and animated life they had created for him. â€Å"When Walt and Billie suggested that he needed a college degree to attain a fulfilling career, Chris answered that careers were demeaning â€Å"twentieth-century inventions,† more of a liability than an asset, and that he would do fine without one, thank youâ €  (Kraukanur 79). He did not want to be like everyone else which showed his individualism and how he was avoiding consistency, When he is hopeful of return, he writes â€Å"happiness is real when shared† (Kraunaur #). Prior to his exertion he had a completely different mindset, but after experiencing life in the wild he was able to find out what his true beliefs and values were.

Article Analysis Birth Control Review by Crystal Eastman...

To begin, Crystal Eastman first published her article in 1918. She produced the source for a large target audience. The article was originally published in a radical journal called Birth Control review. The source’s purpose was to inform women that, whether the law stated so or not, they had a choice as to whether or not to conceive a child. The purpose of the source is to demand that women take control of their bodies. â€Å"I would almost say, that the whole structure of the feminist’s dream of society rests upon the rapid extension of scientific knowledge about birth control.† (Eastman, Pg.510). Next, the original source is women, feminists, and most likely medical doctors. However, because it was posted in a magazine that was viewed as†¦show more content†¦To women physically strong and adventuresome it means freedom to enter all kinds of athletic contests and games, to compete with men in aviation, to drive racing cares... to enter dangerous trades, etc. To most of all it means economic freedom.† (Eastman, Pg.509). The topics she thinks most feminists will agree with is the stride toward political equality. However, she may create tension among herself and other feminists by suggesting that all women must know the joys of motherhood to be an ideal feminist. Some women may not want children. I feel as though Crystal Eastman is trying to persuade other feminists to come together and support each other and redefine feminism. Next, some of the underlying values present in modern women/ men may conflict with the values expressed in the source. Modern day, women m ostly have children because they want them. Some women do not want to have children modern day. The availability of birth control as well as other contraceptives may hinder the modern reader’s understandings into the past. Modern day, most women do not have sexual relations with their husband/boyfriend merely out of marital duty. A women can hand her husband or lover a bottle of lotion and instruct him to go view internet porn and â€Å"take matters into his own hands.† To conclude, this article does correspond with the other articles and content found in chapter eight of our textbook. During this time period, as portrayed in this story asShow MoreRelatedStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesconsideration of factors relevant to strategy-based human resource investment decisions. 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Green Algae (Chlorophyta)

Chlorophyta are commonly known as green algae and sometimes, loosely, as seaweed. They grow primarily in freshwater and saltwater, although some are found on land. They may be unicellular (one cell), multicellular (many cells), colonial (a loose aggregation of cells), or coenocytic (one large cell). Chlorophyta convert sunlight to starch that is stored in cells as a food reserve. Green Algae Characteristics Green algae have dark- to light-green coloration that comes from having chlorophyll a and b, which they have in the same amounts as higher plants—the plants, including seed plants and ferns,  that have  well-developed vascular tissues that transport organic nutrients. Their color is determined by the amounts of other pigmentation, including beta-carotene (yellow) and xanthophylls (yellowish or brownish). Like higher plants, they store their food mainly as starch, with some as fats or oils. In fact, green algae might have been the progenitors of the higher green plants, but that is the subject of debate. Chlorophyta belong to the kingdom Plantae. Originally, Chlorophyta referred to a division within the Plantae kingdom comprising all green algae species. Later, green algae species living predominantly in seawater were classified as chlorophytes (i.e., belonging to Chlorophyta), while green algae species thriving mainly in freshwater were classified as  charophytes  (i.e., belonging to  Charophyta). The AlgaeBase database lists about 4,500 species of  Chlorophyta, including 550 species of Trebouxiophyceae  (mostly on land and in freshwater), 2,500 species of Chlorophyceae  (mostly freshwater), 800 species of Bryopsidophyceae (seaweeds), 50 species of Dasycladophyceae  (seaweeds), 400  species of Siphoncladophyceae (seaweeds), and 250 marine Ulvophyceae (seaweeds). Charophyta include 3,500 species allocated to five classes. Habitat and Distribution of Green Algae The habitat of green algae is diverse, ranging from the ocean to freshwater. Rarely, green algae can also be found on land, largely on rocks and trees, with some appearing on the surface of snow. They are common in areas where light is abundant, such as shallow water and tide pools, and less common in the ocean than brown and red algae, but they can be found in freshwater areas. Invasive Species Some members of Chlorophyta are invasive species. Cladophora glomerata bloomed in Lake Erie in the 1960s because of phosphate pollution. The rotting algae washed up on beaches and produced an odor so foul that it discouraged the public from enjoying the lakes. It became so offensive in sight and smell that it was confused for raw sewage. Two other species, Codium (also known as dead mans fingers) and Caulerpa, threaten native plant life in coastal California, Australia, the Atlantic Coast, and the Mediterranean Sea. One invasive species, Caulerpa taxifolia, has been introduced into nonnative environments because of its popularity in aquariums. Green Algae as Animal and Human Food and Medicine Like other algae, green algae serve as an important food source for herbivorous marine life, such as fish, crustaceans, and gastropods, including sea snails. Humans use green algae as food, too. and it has long been part of the cuisine of Japan. There are more than 30 species of edible seaweed, which is naturally rich in minerals such as calcium, copper, iodine, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, phosphorous, potassium, selenium, vanadium, and zinc. Edible types of green algae include sea lettuce, sea palm, and sea grapes. The pigment beta carotene, found in green algae, is used as a food coloring. Carotene also has been shown to be very effective in preventing some cancers, including lung cancer. Researchers announced in January 2009 that green algae could play a role in reducing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. As sea ice melts, iron is introduced to the ocean. This fuels the growth of algae, which can absorb carbon dioxide and trap it near the ocean floor. With more glaciers melting, this could reduce the ​effects of global warming. Other factors, however, can reduce this benefit; if the algae are  eaten, the carbon can be released back into the environment.​​​​ Fast Facts Here are some quick facts about green algae: Green algae are also referred to as Chlorophyta and, sometimes, seaweed.They convert sunlight to starch that is stored as a food reserve.Green algaes color comes from having chlorophyll.Green algaes habitat ranges from the ocean to freshwater and sometimes to land.They can be invasive, with some species fouling beaches.Green algae are food for sea animals and humans.Green algae are used in cancer treatment.They could help reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Sources: http://www.seaweed.ie/algae/chlorophyta.php https://www.reference.com/science/characteristics-phylum-chlorophyta-bcd0eab7424da34 http://www.seaweed.ie/algae/chlorophyta.php https://eatalgae.org/edible-seaweed/

Power and Leadership - 2618 Words

Power and Leadership The topic that I chose for my semester project is Power and Leadership. The main points within the main subject I am focusing on are Power in Organizations, Sources of Power, The Dark Side of Power, and Empowerment. I will define each, apply them to every day business situations and theoretically analyze the context. The topics that I have chosen will give good insight to what Power and leadership really are and how they are used in are everyday businesses organizations to give a general understanding of what it means to be powerful. The first topic that I have chosen is Power in Organizations. Power is the ability of one person to influence another. They can use this power to become leaders and to manage†¦show more content†¦Power should be equally distributed throughout, with the exception of the authority figures. If companies didnt have CEOs or managers, there would be too many power starving people and much more chaos. They keep the business flow organized. They make sure that their employees follow through with their jobs and support the businesss purpose. Within distribution of power, there are differences in the ways cultures view its importance. For example, in some cultures the implementation of power sharing is likely to face more obstacles in a culture where sub ordinance do not rely heavily on their superiors. (pg.99) This is contrary to the common culture that most of us know in our world. For example, in the United States, people would be more likely to respond to managers that they favor or take liking to. On the contrary, people in countries over seas would be more prone to follow directions that are given by managers who have legitimate power or authority. This goes to show how cultural influence has not only an obvious affect, but a psychological one as well. It can propose ideas that need to be honored because the culture believes that it is a better way of doing things. They believe that if they perform a certain way, they are doing things the best way. Within power in leadership, I have stated the reasonsShow MoreRelatedPower Leadership : Power And Leadership846 Words   |  4 PagesPower and Leadership This week, the author provided various kinds of powers in leadership as a tactics in order to influence their followers. The positions of power include legitimate, reward, coercive, expert and referent power. Having a legitimate power means the leaders are aware of their current position as their manager or supervisor and therefore their employees must follow their leadership. Leaders use reward power to control their followers by providing incentives or rewards such as promotionRead MoreLeadership And Power And Leadership1313 Words   |  6 Pages Leadership and Power (MICROSOFT) Bhaumik Oza BUS-567 Introduction Leadership is the ability of an individual to Lead or guide the other team of individuals, or an entire organization. The leader should have research skills as well as Practical skills and should have high ability of managing and executing the tasks. The qualities of an effective leadership can be use of superior mental energies and motivational powers to make their teams encouraged and determined to perform. According toRead MoreLeadership and Power1689 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Power is a fascinating concept. Babies experience power related to obtaining nourishment and comfort; adults recognize how power affects their jobs, lifestyle and relationships. Sometimes, giving away power means you get more. Sometimes delineating your power boundaries is necessary for survival. That is why power is paradoxical its outcomes are counterintuitive to the inputs. The law of attraction suggests a principle of cause and effect that you influence your own reality and the responsesRead MoreLeadership Power10268 Words   |  42 PagesReport: Leadership, Power Influence. {draw:frame} Which form of power has the best influence on effective leadership? Word count: 2,746 Executive Summary Leadership, power and influence is a theme within management that is constantly developing overtime. Leaders are continuously developing new and innovative ways to empower their followers in order to get the best out of them. For the purpose of this report, we have decided to look at the assumption that leadership is basedRead MoreLeadership Power10259 Words   |  42 Pages Leadership, Power Influence. {draw:frame} Which form of power has the best influence on effective leadership? Word count: 2,746 Executive Summary Leadership, power and influence is a theme within management that is constantly developing overtime. Leaders are continuously developing new and innovative ways to empower their followers in order to get the best out of them. For the purpose of this report, we have decided to look at the assumption that leadership is basedRead MorePower Of Leadership : Reward Power937 Words   |  4 PagesPower: Effectiveness in Leadership. Reward Power can be gained from one s capacity to reward compliance. Reward power is used to support legitimate power. When someone is rewarded or might receive a potential reward such as through recognition, a good job assignment, a pay rise, or additional resources to complete a job, the employee may respond in kind by carrying through with orders, requests and directions, according to Gibson et al. (1991:331). Reward power is a powerful motivator in the workplaceRead MorePower And Leadership Influence On Leadership Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesTutor: Date: Power and Leadership Influence Introduction Leadership has been a topic that has been researched for a long time in many disciplines. Leadership as a personality focuses on the characteristics of an individual that gives them power to act as leaders. There is leadership as an attribution this approach views leadership as phenomenon that causes group of followers to have outcomes.(Wu et al, 2010, 90).Researchers have used the following approaches to study leadership; they are mainlyRead MoreManagement, Power, And Leadership1560 Words   |  7 PagesManagement, power and leadership all in one way or the other add up to the same thing. This is because for each of the terminologies to be effected as require, power is vital. 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This statement presents a problem in the work force today that needs to be combated by a different type of leadership than most are usedRead MoreThe Between Power And Leadership1422 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment procedures have been executed across the world, many of which begin within the roots of an individual in power. In response to these catastrophes, many are searching for answers as to how these disasters were instantiated, and how the correlation between power and leadership influence the outcome of atrocities evolving around the world. Based on the evidence, power and leadership are dissimilar due to the fact that both methods of ruling wage o pposing levels of intimacy to their communities

The Agricultural And Food Sciences - 1713 Words

UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCES Internationally Educated Agrologists Post-Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IEAP) AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA AGRI 4000-PRACTICING THE PROFESSION OF AGROLOGIST Nathaniel Akinkunmi 7764897 Introduction The agriculture industry in Nigeria has opportunities that are not maximized due to challenges it is facing. Background Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with a population of 177,155,754 and was governed by the British government till October 1st, 1960 when Nigeria gained independence. The Capital of Nigeria is Abuja located in the centre of the country. Nigeria is located in West Africa between Benin and Cameroon. Natural resources include natural†¦show more content†¦Food security is still a major issue in Nigeria as a large percentage of the societies are agrarian societies. The government has to concentrate more on the development of modern technology and increase financial investment in the agricultural sector. Nigerian agricultural productivity is still low when compared to major producers in the world (FAO, 2013). It has both human and natural resources that can make it to be among the best economies in the world. Nigeria has been working on reform agenda for the past few years. Furthermore, economic growth is targeted towards domestic market. This is driven by strong performance of agriculture, trade, telecommunications and manufacturing sectors. However, this strong economic growth has not led to higher employment rates. Unemployment is still a major issue in Nigeria. The government addresses the public’s dissatisfaction in its governance with promises to make job creation a priority. Nigerian government is targeting information communication technology (ICT), entertainment, meat, leather, and construction and tourism industries for job creation. Nigeria is made up of about 200 ethnic groups. There are more than 400 languages in Nigeria. The main ethnic groups are Hausa-Fulani in the North, Ibo in the Southeast and Yoruba in the Southwest. Nigeria plays a key role in the African Union, the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), and the Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS)(The World Bank,

The Hunters Moonsong Chapter Twelve Free Essays

â€Å"Good practice,† Christopher said, stopping next to Matt as he headed out of the locker room. â€Å"You’ve got some great moves, man.† â€Å"Thanks,† Matt said, glancing up from putting on his shoes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Twelve or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"You were looking pretty good out there yourself.† He could tel Christopher was going to be a solid team-mate, the kind of guy who did his job and focused on the big picture, working to help the rest of the team. He was a great roommate, too, generous and laid-back. He didn’t even snore. â€Å"Want to skip the dining hal and order a pizza?† Christopher asked. â€Å"This is my night to beat you at Guitar Hero – I can feel it.† Matt laughed. In the couple of weeks they’d been living together, he and Christopher had been working their way through al the Wii games Christopher had brought with him to school. â€Å"Al right, I’l see you back at the room.† Christopher slapped him on the back, grinning widely. After Christopher left, Matt took his time getting his things together, letting the other guys get out of the locker room ahead of him. He felt like walking back to the dorm alone tonight. They were a nice bunch of guys, but he was sore and tired. Between footbal practices and Vitale Society pledge activities, he’d never worked his body quite so hard. It felt good. He felt good. Even the stupidest of the Vitale activities – and some of them were pretty stupid: they’d had to work in teams to build houses out of newspaper the other night – were kind of fun, because he was getting to know some amazing people. Ethan had been right. As a group, the pledges were smart, determined, talented, everything you’d expect. And he was one of them. His classes were interesting, too. Back in high school he’d gotten okay grades but had mostly just done what he had to do to pass. The Civil War, geometry, chemistry, To Kill a Mockingbird: al his schoolwork had sort of blended into the background of his real life of friends and sports. Some of what he was doing at Dalcrest was like that, too, but in most of his classes, he was starting to see connections between things. He was getting the idea that history, language, science, and literature were al parts of the same thing – the way people thought and the stories they told – and it was real y pretty interesting. It was possible, Matt thought, with a self-mocking grin, that he was â€Å"blossoming† in col ege, just like his high school guidance counselor had predicted. It wasn’t ful y dark yet, but it was getting late. Matt sped up, thinking about pizza. There weren’t a lot of people roaming the campus. Matt guessed they were either in the cafeteria or holed up in their rooms, afraid. He wasn’t worried, though. He figured there were a lot more vulnerable targets than a footbal player. A breeze started up, waving the branches of the trees on the quad and wafting the smel of grass to Matt. It stil felt like summer. In the bushes, a few early-evening fireflies blinked on and off. He rol ed his shoulders, enjoying the stretch after a long practice. Up ahead, someone screamed. A guy, Matt thought. The cry cut off suddenly. Before he could even think, Matt was running toward the sound. His heart was pounding, and he tried to force his tired legs to move faster. That was a sound of pure panic, Matt thought. He strained his ears but didn’t hear anything except his own ragged breaths. As he came around the business building, a dark figure that had been bent over something in the grass took off, its long skinny legs flying. It was moving fast, and its face was completely concealed by a hoodie. Matt couldn’t even see if it was a guy or a girl. He angled his own stride to race after the figure in black but came to a sudden halt by the shape in the grass. Not just a shape. For a moment, Matt’s mind refused to process what he was seeing. The red and gold of a footbal jersey. Wet, thick liquid spreading across it. A familiar face. Then everything snapped into focus. He dropped to his knees. â€Å"Christopher, oh no, Christopher.† There was blood everywhere. Matt frantical y felt at Christopher’s chest, trying to figure out where he could put pressure to try to stop the bleeding. Everywhere, everywhere, it’s coming from everywhere. Christopher’s whole body was shaking, and Matt pressed his hands against the soaking footbal jersey to try to hold him stil . Fresh blood ran in thick crimson streams against the brighter red of the jersey’s material. â€Å"Christopher, man, hold on, it’s going to be okay. You’l be okay,† Matt said, and pul ed out his phone to dial 911. His own hands were covered with blood now, and the phone was a slimy mess as he held it to his ear. â€Å"Please,† he said, his voice shaking, â€Å"I’m at Dalcrest Col ege, near the business building. My roommate, someone attacked my roommate. He’s bleeding a lot. He’s not conscious.† The 911 operator started to ask him some questions and Matt tried to focus. Suddenly Christopher opened his eyes, taking a deep gulp of air. â€Å"Christopher,† Matt said, dropping his phone. â€Å"Chris, they’re sending an ambulance, hold on.† The shaking got worse, Christopher’s arms and legs vibrating in a rapid rhythm. His eyes settled on Matt’s face, and his mouth opened. â€Å"Chris,† Matt said, trying to hold him down, trying to be gentle, â€Å"who did this? Who attacked you?† Christopher gasped again, a hoarse gulping sound. Then the shaking stopped, and he was very stil . His eyelids slid down over his eyes. â€Å"Chris, please hold on,† Matt begged. â€Å"They’re coming. They’l help you.† He grabbed at Christopher, shook him a little, but Christopher wasn’t moving, wasn’t breathing. Sirens sounded in the distance, but Matt knew the ambulance was already too late. How to cite The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Twelve, Essay examples

Frankenstein 72 Essay Example For Students

Frankenstein 72 Essay In agreement that Mary Shellys novel, Frankenstein takes its meaning from tensions surrounding the cultural concerns of human nature, its potentials and limits and forces that go into the making. The following will support this statement and tie traits from the book to todays society. Many lessons are embedded into Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, including how society acts towards the different. The monster fell victim to the judging of a a person by only his or her outer appearance. Whether people like it or not, society summarizes a persons characteristics by his or her physical appearance. Society has set an unbreakable code individuals must follow to be accepted. Those who dont follow the standard are hated by the crowd and banned for the reason of being different. When the monster ventured into a town he had hardly placed foot within the door before the children shrieked, and one of the women fainted . From that moment on he realized that people did not like his appearance and hated him because of it. If villagers didnt run away at the sight of him, then they might have even enjoyed his personality. The monster tried to accomplish this when he encountered the De Lacey family. The monster hoped to gain friendship from the old man and eventually his children. He k new that it could have been possible because the old man was blind, he could not see the monsters repulsive characteristics. But fate was against him and the wretched had barely conversed with the old man before his children returned from their journey and saw a monstrous creature at the feet of their father attempting to do harm to the helpless elder. Felix darted forward, and with supernatural force tore from his father, to whose knees clung Felixs action caused great pain to the monster. He knew that his dream of living with them happily ever after would not happen and with the encounter still fresh in his mind along with his first encounter of humans, he ?declared everlasting war against the species, and more than all, him who had formed the creature and sent him forth to this misery.? The monsters source of hatred toward humans originates from his first experiences with humans. In a way the monster started out with a childlike innocence that was eventually shattered by being constantly rejected by society time after time. His first encounter with humans was when he opened his yellow eyes for the first time and witnessed Victor Frankenstein, his creator, rush out of the laboratory. Would this have happened if society did not consider physical appearance to be important? No. If physical appearance were not important then the creature would have had a chance of being accepted into the community with love and care. But society does believe that physical appearance is important and it does influence the way people act towards each other. Frankenstein should have made him less offending if even he, the creator, could not stand his disgusting appearance. There was a moment however when Frankenstein was moved by the creature. He felt what the duties of a creator towards his creature were and decided that he had to make another creature, a companion for the original. But haunting images of his creation (from the monsters first moment of life) gave him an instinc tive feeling that the monster would do menacing acts with his companion, wreaking twice the havoc! Reoccurring images of painful events originating from a first encounter could fill a person with hate and destruction. We as a society are the ones responsible for the transformation of the once childlike creature into the monster we all know. The public doesnt realize that our society has flaws, and that they must be removed before our primal instincts continue to isolate and hurt the people who are different. With such a large amount of technology among us, some people may wonder why such an advanced civilization still clings on to such primitive ways of categorizing people. Victor Frankenstein, as he huddled in the corner of his room, with only bed sheets to offer a hint of security, plagued himself with questions as to how he could create such a catastrophe. A being of immense proportions, Victors life-long work, stood lingering over Victors bed and the only thought repeating in th e creators mind was how wretched it is .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931 , .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931 .postImageUrl , .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931 , .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931:hover , .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931:visited , .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931:active { border:0!important; } .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931:active , .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931 .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u43f5c1281a95f7869273bc9b13d83931:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nuclear Power: Cons Analysis Essay His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of pearly whiteness; but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun-white sockets in which they were set (P.56)This is the beginning of Victors disclaiming attitude toward his creation and consequently initiates the monsters condemnation to a life devoid of human companionship. At birth, the creature appears to not be either violent or vicious, but unfortunately, the rejection by his creator drives it to a life full of revenge. Rather than focusing this child-like hatred on Victor, the monster hits its creator where it hurts; his loved ones. This originally peaceful monster, now bitter and hateful, resorts to random acts of violence to compensate for its mistreatment. At birth, when the first spark of life shot through the creature, there is an apparent natural love and respect for the creator. Victor, on the other hand, fled in disgust at first sight of the miserable monster which I have created(57)and hoped to never see it again. But like a child, Frankensteins monster returned expecting to be accepted: And his eyes, if eyes they may be called, were fixed on me. His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeksone hand was stretched out, seemingly to detain me(57). Despite the initial desertion by its creator the monster is longing for fatherly affection. Victor again flees from the monster and this time it does not return and disappears for almost two years. From this moment on, Frankensteins monster demands retribution for his banishment from civilization. The last appearance from the creature revealed a loving and needy soul. But two years of loneliness and solitude has turned the monster into a depraved wretch, whose delight was in carnage and misery(74) as seen in the murder of William. The creature, in contrast to his initial feelings, has exhibited anger and frustration toward his situation. This beast, like a child, uses the most available means of persuasion to get what it wants. But unlike a little child, who may cry or whine for attention, the massive monster utilizes its unhumanlike force to put the point across: Nothing in human shape could have destroyed that fair child(73). Victor concludes that he himself is nothing but the author of intolerable evils(88) and that he would live in daily fear lest the monster whom I had created should perpetrate some new wickedness(89). Victor, as well as the reader, has a strong intuition that the monster will indeed commit additional monstrosities. William Frankenstein is only the beginn ing. Cursed, cursed creator! Why did I live? Why, in that instant did I not extinguish the spark of existence which you had so wantonly bestowed(132). The monster, now totally rejected by man, has reached the point where life seems hopeless. Despite this, the creature does suggest a remedy for its brooding melancholy; a mate. I am malicious because I am miserableand you my creator should pity me,(140) is the excuse used by the beast and threatens to work at your (Victor) destruction and desolate your heart, so that you shall curse the hour of your birth(141) if Victor did not comply. Conscience overtakes Victor and he refuses to complete the task, knowing full well the monstrous hell that awaits him. This originally peaceful creature, Victors conception, now vows to fully unleash an unholy wrath on the creators life because revenge remains revenge(162). But remember, I shall be with you on your wedding-night(163). These words echo through Victor Frankensteins head, making him uneasy and spiteful towards the beast for being the murderer of my peace(163). But a deeper meaning lies behind this statement by the monster. The creature does in fact appear on Victors wedding night, but he is not the target, Elizabeth his wife is. The monster has administered complete revenge on Victor by eliminating the creators dearest love; lifeless and inanimateher bloodless arms and relaxed form flung by the murderer on its bridal brier(189). This, consequently, is a parallel to the isolation from love bestowed on the monster. Frankensteins creation with its childlike emotions emerged as a tender being with no malice of thought. But the immediate feeling of rejection summoned anger in the beast that eventually wiped all joy out of its creators life. The monster, as birth, wanted nothing more than to be satisfied and loved. Yet, after all revenge had bee n played out, the creature felt a sense of fulfillment in accordance to its creators misery: I am satisfied, miserable wretch! You have determined to live, and I am satisfied(196), and with its revenge complete is soon borne away by the waves and lost in darkness and distance(215). .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8 , .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8 .postImageUrl , .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8 , .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8:hover , .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8:visited , .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8:active { border:0!important; } .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8:active , .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8 .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1ae2819aa86abe3f0102b77fb7bb6ce8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The French And Indian War Essay

Impairment of the Assets-Free-Samples for Students- Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Impairment of Assets. Answer: Introduction: The main idea behind the principle of IAS 36 is the fact that an asset must never be reported at more than its fair value. In case, the carrying value is more than the recoverable amount, then the asset is stated to have been impaired. In such a case, the asset must be reduced to the carrying value of the asset to its recoverable value and then the loss of impairment must be reported in the statement of profit and loss as an impairment loss. This accounting standard applies to certain group of the assets that do not generate the cash inflows individually such as the cash generating units. This standard applies to all of the assets for which the accounting standard states that the same must be impaired. The main exception to this fact is the inventories, deferred tax assets, the assets that derive from the employee benefits, financial assets that come under the scope of IAS 41. Then there are some of the assets that arise from the insurance contracts and the non-current assets that ar e held for sale. The amount that the company would receive when it sells an asset will have to be stated each eyar in the books of account. The fair value is less than the costs to sell which is the arms length sales price less the costs of disposal between the parties that have knowledge of the same (IFRS, 2017). Evidence of impairment testing: The following are some of the indicators that indicate that the asset has to be impaired: Market rate of interest Significant adverse changes in the technology Changes that takes place in the market, economy and also in the laws pertaining to the company in which the company operates Capitalisation is less than the net assets The internal sources include the internal structuring, evidences of the obsolescence or the physical damage to the assets. The assets that have an indefinite life or the ones that have been out to use are required to be tested each year (EY, 2017). Procedure for impairment: The following is the procedure for determining the impairment loss: The first step is concerned with the comparison of the assets carrying amount with the cash flows that have not been discounted which the same is expected to generate. In case, the cash flows that have not been discounted are more than the carrying value, then there is no requirement to recognise the impairment loss but then step 2 is very much necessary. When the undiscounted flows of the cash is higher than the cash flows that have not been discounted, then the step has to be followed. Step 2 is concerned with the measuring of the difference which exists between the carrying amount and the fair value. The fair value in the terms which is defined as the amount that one would receive when an asset has been sold or that would be paid in case the liability is transferred on the transaction date between the various participants of the market as on the date of the measurement. Only one test of impairment is required as per the provisions of the IFRS. If the carrying amount of that asset is more than its recoverable amount, then the excess amount would represent a loss of an impairment. This is the amount that is more than its fair value less the costs pertaining to the disposal of the asset or the value which is in use. For the long lived assets the test of impairment has to be compared. The step 1 of the GAAP testing means the comparison of the carrying value of the asset to its cash flows that the company would accrue in the future and that have been undiscounted. (AICPA store, 2017). Information required: The following is the information which is required: The likelihood of existence of more than 50% of impairment must be considered so as to check the impairment. This is somewhat based on the assessment of the relevant events and the circumstances. The examples of the same include the increase in the costs, fall in the cash flows etc. The fair value of the asset has to be impaired to its carrying amount. This has to be made sure than the goodwill is included and the presence of any significant unrecognised intangible assets has been taken into account. In case the carrying value is much more than the fair value of the unit of reporting, then the impairment loss has to be calculated. The third step is the calculation of the impairment loss. The implied fair value of the goodwill which is connected or which is linked with the units of reporting is compared with the carrying value of the goodwill. In case, the carrying value is more than the implied fair value, then the impairment loss shall be recognised and this would be up to a maximum of the carrying value of the goodwill (Accounting tools, 2017). Flexibility of the management: The management do not have any sort of flexibility since in case, the conditions exist, then the asset has to be impaired (Power tech exposed, 2017). Conclusion: The main idea behind the principle of IAS 36 is the fact that an asset must never be reported at more than its fair value. In case, the carrying value is more than the recoverable amount, then the asset is stated to have been impaired. In such a case, the asset must be reduced to the carrying value of the asset to its recoverable value and then the loss of impairment must be reported in the statement of profit and loss as an impairment loss. This accounting standard applies to certain group of the assets that do not generate the cash inflows individually such as the cash generating units. There are some of the conditions that exist on the basis of which an impairment is said to have taken place. In case the carrying value of the asset is less than the fair value of an asset, then the management has to impair that assets and reduce its carrying value to its fair value the management as such has no flexibility in this regard, they merely have to comply with the requirements of the accounting standards. The judgement has to resort to when it comes to the exercising of the factors that would lead to the impairment of an asset. Though there are some of the conditions that indicates an impairment but the management is duty bound to use its judgement, past experiences, experiences of the similar companies in the same industry References: Aicpastore.com. (2017).Procedural Differences in Impairment Testing. [online] Available at: https://www.aicpastore.com/Content/media/PRODUCER_CONTENT/Newsletters/Articles_2009/CPA/Mar/InTesting.jsp [Accessed 27 Aug. 2017]. Bragg, S. and Bragg, S. (2017).Goodwill impairment testing. [online] AccountingTools. Available at: https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/goodwill-impairment-testing.html [Accessed 27 Aug. 2017]. Iasplus.com. (2017).IAS 36 Impairment of Assets. [online] Available at: https://www.iasplus.com/en/standards/ias/ias36 [Accessed 27 Aug. 2017]. Ifrs.org. (2017).IFRS. [online] Available at: https://www.ifrs.org/issued-standards/list-of-standards/ias-36-impairment-of-assets/ [Accessed 27 Aug. 2017]. www.ey.com. (2017).Impairment accounting. [online] Available at: https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Impairment_accounting_the_basics_of_IAS_36_Impairment_of_Assets/$FILE/Impairment_accounting_IAS_36.pdf [Accessed 27 Aug. 2017]. www.powertechexposed.com. (2017).Impairment testing. [online] Available at: https://www.powertechexposed.com/IAS_36_impairment_testing_GL_IFRS.pdf [Accessed 27 Aug. 2017].

International Trade and Supply Chain The Foster Group Example

Abstract One of the effects of globalization is that traditional business processes are now opening up to attain a global nature. Supply chains, production lines and markets are now interlinked through a worldwide network of interdependency.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Trade and Supply Chain: The Foster Group Example specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, it is almost unfathomable that a company seeking to expand its net worth can ignore the global business market entirely without recourse to any of the factors of production, supply and marketing. This research paper particularly looks at the various issues that arise when a company has an international supply chain. It finds that doing business at a global level has various challenges which threaten the smooth flow of trade. The paper analyzes the Foster Group as an example of a company that has a global supply chain with the aim of understa nding the dynamics of international operations. Introduction Nagurney (2006) describes a supply chain as â€Å"a system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer (p.2).† Normally, a supply chain begins from the point of initial transformation of the raw natural resource into a component that is consumable or to a degree where it can be processed to a finished product. However, the supply chain can begin from the end product where the product in question is recyclable. Supply chains are therefore value chains since the product is moved across various stages where value is added as every stage. To build a comprehensive supply chain, there must be effective management of the process. Indeed supply chain management has evolved to become a basic need for any manufacturing company. The entire management process is a concerted effort between suppliers, third parties, intermediaries or middlemen and finally, the customer. It is a complex process that interlinks the business tasks and procedures of a company to become included into a unified business network.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The key role of supply chain management is therefore the logistical activities providing smoother flow of manufacturing operations and the coordination of processes in other business functions such as product design, marketing and research. In a supply chain, the aspects of biological or ecological regulation of natural raw materials form the initial stage. From the extraction to the production and finally the transportation of the end product to the customer, the supply chain will have involved several different companies across various geographical areas. All these companies will have a substantial interest in the product and will in one way or another add value to it . While all the players in the entire chain may not necessarily know each other, each plays a crucial role. Company Profile Foster’s Group is a business venture based in Melbourne, Australia that specializes in brewing, soft drink and wine making. The group is listed as a public limited company in the Australian Securities Exchange though it has businesses across Asia, the Americas, Middle East, Africa and Europe. Currently, the group has a presence in 155 countries around the world employing over 6,000 workers (Foster’s Group Website 2011). Foster’s Limited is popular for making the internationally acclaimed Foster’s Lager and a good number of fine wines such as Rosemount, Penfolds and Lindemans. The original brewing company was founded in 1886 in Melbourne by Ralph and William Foster. The two were Americans who owned a refrigeration plant and since the Australian weather is quite hot, the plant enabled them to establish a brewery which they later sold. The brewery was acquired by Elders IXL, an Australian conglomerate in 1983 while trading as Carlton and United Breweries. Due to the Lager’s popularity, Elders rebranded to Foster’s Group in 1990. Foster’s has recently acquired the successful Australian wine company Southcorp which has helped grow its overall revenues tremendously. The Group has continued to do well and it now plans a de-merger of its wine and beer businesses to form two different companies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Trade and Supply Chain: The Foster Group Example specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Speculation has also been rife that the group plans to sell off its beer business, to a bigger conglomerate such as Diageo, Heineken, SAB Miller and Molson Coors. This research paper shall focus on the activities of Foster’s Group in Australia. Product profile: Foster’s Lager Foster’s Lager has been a famous international beer brand for quite some time. The amber lager of 5.0% abv is a product of the Foster’s Group based in Melbourne though it is brewed and sold under license elsewhere in the world. In Europe, the product has been quite popular due to good marketing and because it is marketed by Heineken International which is a renowned name in the beer market. The main consumers of Foster’s Lager in Europe have been the U.K, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, Poland, Sweden, Ireland, Belgium, Greece and Ukraine. SAB Miller owns the rights to Foster’s in India and the U.S and Molson owns brewing rights in Canada. Internationally, the lager has been marketed as an Australian product with Australian accents and stereotypes being used in advertisements. This has been well received with the brand being second to Carling in the UK. However, the brand is no longer as popular in Australia as it previously was mainly due to stiff competition in the industr y and changes in consumer preferences. Nevertheless, its international success especially in Europe has helped to keep the brand alive. This paper shall look into the supply chain processes involved in brewing this product in Australia. Research methodology This research utilized both primary and secondary data collection methods. Most of the data used for the research was secondary data obtained from relevant journals, articles, books, magazines, newspapers and online resources that had information that could assist in the better understanding of supply chains especially in the international context. The data provided several authorities on the processes and functions of supply, procurement and logistics which brought in credibility and knowledge in the writing of this research report.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Parties in the supply chain The supply chain involves various parties due to the need for logistics and identifying the right suppliers. To understand who the parties in supply chain are, we must be familiar with the entire process. First, when the business decides that it needs a particular raw material or resource, its procurement department publishes a tender notice and allows suppliers to make tenders according to the established procurement process. Once tenders are placed, the company will analyze them in terms of quoted price, quantity, experience record and quality of service. The firm then decides the bid it shall accept upon which a contract is signed for the supply of the tendered commodity. In smaller businesses, tendering is not the major procurement method due to the complexities involved. Instead, the firm looks for the supplier they need by conducting their own market research. Once the supplier is identified, logistics have to be put in place to coordinate the movem ent of goods from the supplier to the company. Looking at the above process, it is clear that various parties and professions are needed. First we have the supplier who is the key party in the chain and then there is the buyer who in this case is the company. Other parties are those who offer advisory and support services to ensure that the contract between supplier and supplier is reached. These parties include procurement officers, middlemen, agents, 3rd party logisticians (3PL) and 4th party logisticians (4PL). 3PL are those logisticians who facilitate the movement of the goods from the suppliers’ warehouse to that of the customer (Murray 2005). 4PL are professional logisticians who are hired to oversee the entire logistical process including clearing and forwarding, cargo handling, customs clearing etcetera. However, it is to be noted that the term ‘logistics’ and ‘supply chain’ are not synonymous since the latter is more comprehensive as it incl udes manufacturing and procurement processes in addition to distribution. Role of the supply chain The chief role of the supply chain is to ensure that the customer’s needs are fully satisfied through; the efficient use of available resources, timely and cost-efficient distribution and proper inventory management. To be specific, supply chains look to liaise with suppliers to; reduce bottlenecks that come with supply, avail lowest cost but quality material, provide affordable and efficient transportation, maintain well-located factories and warehouses, optimize logistics to reduce the length of the supply chain and finally to implement timely techniques that improve manufacturing flow. All in all, a good supply chain should provide the customer with the right good and at the right time, location and cost. International supply chain Offshore sourcing and globalization have led to the formation of these so-called international/global supply chains. The opening of borders for tr ade has improved business by allowing consumers to obtain the cheapest and best quality products from any corner of the globe. The drive to reduce cost has actually been the major impetus for the acceptance of globalization and the aggressive manner in which business firms have opted for foreign solutions. However, the only difference between the international supply chain and the local chain is the stretching of interests and the increase of suppliers. Global supply chains involve a wide array of suppliers all offering interesting packages to the customer. However, new opportunities usually come with new challenges that have to be effectively dealt with if the company is to reap the fruits of globalization (Gray 2007). Issues of cost must be well-considered since so many factors come into play such as labour costs, freight costs, exchange rates etcetera. Another issue to be considered is the selection of suppliers through comparison of bids. Again, research is needed here since the lowest price might not necessarily mean the best bargain. The company has to appreciate that selecting suppliers from a global list is complex and must be approached with caution. In addition, the number of international suppliers must be considered since fewer are easier to manage but their come with a bigger risk in case of default. Benefits of logistics While the use of the term â€Å"logistics† in the business sense began in the late 1950s, the increase in globalized supply chains has turned the word into an entirely new business profession (Chen Paulraj 2004). Logisticians are now simplifying what was originally thought to be a complicated process-importation. Currently, businesses do not have to worry about logistics; they just furnish logisticians of what they want, where and when and then they can sit and wait for the professionals to work. Logistics go a long way in completing the supply chain and ensuring that the bureaucracies that arise out of international trad e are handled by experienced personnel (Oliver Webber 1982). Specific details on Foster Group supply chain In the brewing of Foster’s Lager, the company usually requires several raw materials. The making of a lager such as Foster’s requires hops, malted barley and water among other additives. Since the company itself does not engage in farming activities, it has to source these products from suppliers in Australia and often from suppliers abroad. According to former C.E.O Trevor O’Hoy, making a lager usually requires select skills and ingredients that have to be balanced. More often than not, Australia does not have all the ingredients needed though it produces the â€Å"pride of Ringwood hops† that provide that famous taste. Foster’s suppliers are many and each produces some unique ingredient that goes into either the wines or the beers. Most overseas suppliers are from Germany mainly due to the established culture of brewing that has been perfec ted in that country (Daniels 2000). Naturally, Foster’s Group deals with the same suppliers in its supply chain. This is because wines and beers have to be made from very specific ingredients so as to replicate the particular taste and aroma attributed to each product. Challenges Involved in International Trade Operations International trade operations come with various challenges and risks. The reason there are more challenges is that first, there is a larger number of actors to deal with before the goods finally reach the customer. Secondly, there is the lack of sound legal protection that is usually present in the local markets due to the laxity of international law and the huge costs of international litigation. However, most of the challenges are also experienced at the local level. One of the biggest challenges in international operations is the lack of security. Since the law does not provide ample protection and the parties do not meet, the business risks and insecuri ty of trade are too great. Another big problem is that which UPS Chain Supply Solutions (2005) refer to as the â€Å"Tower of Babel problem†. This is the challenge posed by dealing with persons from different cultures who speak different languages. The risk with this is that communication may become a barrier especially where the parties do not understand each other (Lee 1997). Another challenge comes in the sense that to achieve an effective international chain, there must be a concerted effort between parties which may not be easy to achieve (Ayers 2001). Lack of ownership of the supply chain sometimes leads to confusion especially where the supplier and customer have conflicting interests. Finally, we have managerial problems that arise due to non-exposure of the managerial staff to foreign audiences. In its experience, Foster’s has faced several challenges in its supply chain due to its international operations. First, the financial crisis of 2007-2008 hit the comp any had and in fact it recorded a loss due to the poor performance of its wine-making business. The exchange rate of the Australian dollar against other currencies was also quite unfavourable. While Fosters’ suppliers have been quite consistent, the rising costs of raw materials have led the company to discontinue the manufacture of certain brands (Ayers and Odegaard 2007). Recommendations Outsourcing is touted by most professionals as the solution to most of the problems that plague international operations. Instead of incurring huge tariff and shipping costs in a bid to manufacture a product, why should the company not outsource the whole manufacturing process and save overall costs? Outsourcing is the in-thing in modern-day business with entire business functions and processes being outsourced to Asian countries such as India or China where costs of manufacturing are generally low e.g. Foster’s has now outsourced its IT department to Wipro company in India. Another way to beat the challenges that come with global supply chains is to outsource the logistics. Both 3PL and 4PL are great ways to avoid the hustles of international operations. Other ingenious ways of dealing with these challenges may include; hiring of staff with international competency (Ferrer 2003), engaging in meticulous market research, looking for better local solutions first, dealing with the same ‘tested’ suppliers (Fisher 1997), avoiding excess risks where there is no background on a supplier (Steermann 2003) and finally, training staff on the needs of the international market. Conclusion From the above, we can see the issues that come with establishing international supply chains. Foster’s utilizes the global supply chain to obtain raw materials such as malted barley as well as support services such as IT. Just like any other firm, Foster’s has experienced various challenges associated with using a global supply chain such as the financial crisis , which led to increased prices of raw materials globally. However, the benefits of reliance on the global supply chain seem to outweigh the demerits judging from Foster’s success. References Ayers, J.B. (2001) Root Cause – Weak Links. Information Strategy: The Executive’s Journal, 2(1), 42-56. Ayers, J.B. and Odegaard, M.A. (2007) Know the ABCs of Retail Supply Chain Costs. Supply Chain Quarterly, 4(2), 229-243. Chen, I. J. and Paulraj, A. (2004) Towards a theory of supply chain management: the constructs and measurements. Journal of Operations Management, 22(2), 119-150. Daniels, R. (2000) Designing Great Beer. Perth: Brewers Publications. Ferrer, J. 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Supply Chain Management Review, July/ August 2003, 46-53. UPS Supply Chain Solutions (2005) Supply Chain Strategy: The Importance of Aligning Your Strategies. New York: United Parcel Service of America. This essay on International Trade and Supply Chain: The Foster Group Example was written and submitted by user Brianna T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.